3把小錘靜靜躺在陳列柜里，經(jīng)過(guò)13代600多年的傳承，手柄處凹痕明顯?！斑@是一代代傳人手捏錘柄留下的印跡，也是這項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)技藝得以代代發(fā)揚(yáng)的佐證?！?5歲的洛桑扎西手指輕輕撫過(guò)這些家傳的金屬打制工具，眼睛中閃耀著自豪的光彩。

Three hammers, with hand imprints on the handles, have been kept in the family of Lobsang Tashi for more than 600 years.

“This imprint here is the evidence of the development of the traditional technique from generation to generation,” Lobsang Tashi said proudly while stroking the hammers in the showcase.

作為藏族傳統(tǒng)金屬鑄造工藝第14代傳承人，我省首批省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人、省級(jí)工藝美術(shù)大師，洛桑扎西是中國(guó)藏區(qū)很有名的金屬制品制造大師，他設(shè)計(jì)并制作的鎦金佛像，5件已成國(guó)家民族博物館館藏精品；他親手打造的藏刀，喜愛者數(shù)年難求；他打制的銀飾品，游客趨之若鶩。憑著一手出神入化的絕活，洛桑扎西將其世代相傳的藏族金屬鑄造工藝從偏遠(yuǎn)的羊拉鄉(xiāng)羊拉村帶到了德欽，帶到了海外，并將其發(fā)揚(yáng)光大，成為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

Lobsang Tashi, 55, is the 14th-generation inheritor of traditional metal casting technique. He was among the first batch of provincial inheritors of intangible cultural heritage and also a provincial master of art and crafts in Yunnan.

Lobsang Tashi specializes in metal manufacturing: Five of his works have been collected by Chinese National Museum of Ethnology; To get a Tibetan knife forged by him, you have to order in advance and wait for years; Silver ornaments he made are favored by numerous tourists.

Based on fine Tibetan casting craftsmanship passed down for generations, Lobsang Tashi has promoted overseas the unique intangible cultural heritage.

8月的德欽，冷雨淅瀝。一早，洛桑扎西就到了山坡上的小工廠里。松茸季，工人不多，只有幾個(gè)人在里面做著各類小飾品的最后加工。他看了一圈，習(xí)慣性地坐在傳統(tǒng)的木臺(tái)前，拿起小錘開始給銀制的十二生肖吊牌定型?！澳悻F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是大師了，還每天都到工廠來(lái)嗎？”記者好奇地問(wèn)。洛桑扎西笑了：“我巴不得一整天都呆在工廠里?？墒菚r(shí)間真不夠用！這里是清華、中央美院、云大、民大、云藝等高校的非遺傳習(xí)基地，年年都有本科生和研究生到這里參觀學(xué)習(xí)；我這兒還是省級(jí)的技師工作站，每年都要為本地待業(yè)人員開展3次培訓(xùn)，最近一期的培訓(xùn)前兩天剛剛才結(jié)束；我是本地小有名氣的藏文化傳承人，每年有不低于百場(chǎng)的傳統(tǒng)婚禮主持；我熟悉藏文化中的很多藝術(shù)門類，凡是涉及到相關(guān)作品的鑒定，都會(huì)邀我到場(chǎng)……”停下手中的活，洛桑扎西疲憊地笑笑。“你累不累呀？”旁邊有人問(wèn)?！袄?！可是這些事兒必須要做?！币粏?wèn)一答中，這個(gè)康巴漢子身上的韌性和剛性顯露無(wú)遺。

Lobsang Tashi’s factory lies in Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. There, workers were processing accessories, while Lobsang was finalizing the design of tags for twelve zodiac signs.

“Do you need to get to the factory so often, as a master?” asked a visitor. Noting he is willing to stay here the whole day, Lobsang Tashi said the factory is the intangible cultural heritage study base for various universities, and undergraduate and graduate students are common visitors here.

As a provincial work station for technicians, the factory also provides three training sessions annually. Thanks to his fame, Lobsang Tashi is invited to host at least 100 wedding ceremonies every year.

And when it comes to appraising events on Tibetan culture, he will surely be invited to. “Tiring indeed, but such businesses are all worth my efforts,” said Lobsang.

對(duì)洛桑扎西而言，必須要做的事兒，就是把藏民族優(yōu)秀的文化藝術(shù)和工藝代代傳承下去。在當(dāng)?shù)卣头沁z機(jī)構(gòu)的大力支持下，他在德欽城的中心地段辦起了藏族金屬技藝生產(chǎn)性保護(hù)傳習(xí)中心，里面陳列著其祖?zhèn)髦两?4代的多樣物品：小錘、風(fēng)箱、寶木碗、白銀小象財(cái)神、書籍……這些標(biāo)刻著時(shí)間印記和傳承溫度的物件讓洛桑扎西備覺自豪。

The most worthy doing, for Lobsang Tashi, is to pass down the fine craftsmanship in Tibetan culture. With the support from local cultural authorities and institutions, he has set up a protection and study center for Tibetan metal techniques in the Deqin county seat.

There preserved antiques such as little hammer, bellows, treasured wood bowl, silver elephant, the god of wealth, books and so on, all of which were passed down from 14 generations and are what he is proud of.

“我們家是全國(guó)藏區(qū)唯一代代相傳的工藝世家，世代生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)的藏民族用品和首飾。作為家中的長(zhǎng)子，我從小跟著家族工藝的13代傳人——父親洛桑西勞學(xué)習(xí)工藝。12歲，剛打出第一把藏刀，父親就帶我走南闖北學(xué)習(xí)手藝，最遠(yuǎn)到了尼泊爾的加德滿都?！蹦嵌卧诼飞系膶W(xué)藝經(jīng)歷，最令洛桑扎西難以忘懷。正是經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)十年的行走、學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新，讓洛桑扎西的手藝較之家族的前十幾代傳人，有了很大不同。他的作品，種類繁多形式多樣，傳統(tǒng)中有現(xiàn)代元素，古樸中有時(shí)代氣息。

Lobsang Tashi said his family is the only one in China which inherits the craftsmanship of traditional Tibetan articles and ornaments for generations.

And as the eldest son, he learnt from his father, Luosang Xilao, the 13th inheritor. His father took him out to see the world after he made the first Tibetan knife at 12 and they reached as far as Katmandu in Nepal.

Having finished the learning journey, Lobsang created works totally different from those of his ancestors. His works are in greater variety and combine traditional elements with modern ones.

這和他身上的氣質(zhì)很相像，這是一種迥異于傳統(tǒng)工匠的氣質(zhì)，他認(rèn)為是“文化氣”。洛桑扎西是個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)不知疲倦的學(xué)習(xí)者。他在昆明冶金工校進(jìn)修過(guò)3年，又多次到北京、上海、廣州和香港學(xué)習(xí)，并在當(dāng)?shù)卣С窒?次遠(yuǎn)赴國(guó)外求學(xué)。他利用學(xué)到的冶煉技術(shù)，改良金屬表面處理及鑄造，讓金屬制品看上去更有質(zhì)感。他結(jié)合自己學(xué)文化行四方的“底子”，讓作品擁有了多文化融合的“面子”，使之為更多人接受和喜愛。

An artistic work reflects the maker’s temperament. Lobsang Tashi believes it is an air of culture.As a persistent learner, he studies in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province for three years and furthered his study in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Hong Kong.

Lobsang was also schooled four times abroad and therefore he improved the texture of metal surfaces with the help of metallurgical techniques he learned.

Due to the exquisite techniques and the trying of cultural integration, his works are well-accepted and loved by many.

“家族的傳承和現(xiàn)代工藝的融合，藏族文化和多民族文化的融合，使我的作品和別人很不一樣。只有這樣，才能讓傳統(tǒng)技藝呈現(xiàn)出巨大的生命力”。從柜臺(tái)里拿出一把藏刀，洛桑扎西認(rèn)真地指給記者看：“看這把藏刀，上面有我們名刀世家獨(dú)有的條紋、云紋和花紋?？催@個(gè)十二生肖，各民族的人都喜歡?？催@尊鎦金佛像，吉祥如意，本地人和游客都愛買。”

“The integration of tradition and modernity and the fusion of Tibetan culture and cultures from other ethnic groups are keys for my works to make a difference. That’s why you can see vitality in them,” said Lobsang Tashi.

Showing his guests a Tibetan knife and a gold-plating Buddha, Lobsang said when traditional patterns integrated some special elements like twelve zodiacs, handiworks are popular among locals and tourists alike.

洛桑扎西家的展示銷售廳里，精美的金屬制成品吸引著眾多的購(gòu)買者。他們中既有本地藏族，也有來(lái)游玩的各國(guó)游客?！懊褡骞に囍挥凶尭嗳讼矏?，才會(huì)有生命力。1998年，我成立了德欽縣民族用品開發(fā)有限責(zé)任公司。托改革開放的福，這幾年我的生意非常好，收入很可觀。上個(gè)月，我的旅游商店的營(yíng)業(yè)收入就是30萬(wàn)，而公司的年銷售額可以到2000多萬(wàn)。這說(shuō)明，傳承到14代的藏族傳統(tǒng)金屬工藝品，有了越來(lái)越多的欣賞者。”

In the exhibition hall packed with tourists, Lobsang Tashi added that the affection from consumers is the best motivation of the industry. “I started up a company in 1998 and thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, it is in good business.”“The income of the tourist shop last month was 43,000 dollars and the annual turnover of the company can reach more than 2.9 million dollars in a whole year,” said Lobsang, smiling. More and more people are becoming fans of metal products from the 14th-generation of Tibetan metal crafts.

“家族的傳承不能斷，我的兩個(gè)兒子，有一個(gè)必須回到家里學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)?！睂?duì)于這項(xiàng)非遺技術(shù)的傳承，洛桑扎西很堅(jiān)定。大學(xué)畢業(yè)已到當(dāng)?shù)仉娨暸_(tái)工作的大兒子，在父親的要求下，正準(zhǔn)備回家學(xué)習(xí)藏族傳統(tǒng)金屬鑄造工藝，做下一代的傳承人。

Lobsang Tashi takes the family inheritance seriously. He urged his two sons that one of them should come back and he’s going to pass down the craftsmanship to the next generation.

His elder son, who works for the local TV station, is about to learn the traditional Tibetan metal casting techniques as the 15th-generation inheritor.

云南日?qǐng)?bào)全媒體記者 熊燕 儲(chǔ)東華 張若谷 李文君　　編譯 李恒強(qiáng)